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bentonite activation
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(PDF) Influence of Alkaline Activation over Swelling and …
The alkaline activation processes we re carried out as follows: a 100g/L suspension of bentonite was prepared and kept under constant stirring, until it was completely dispersed. Solutions of Na
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Rheological behavior of activated bentonite suspensions …
When the activation effect on suspensions was examined, it was seen that there were differences with the change of bentonite type towards Na-Ben in the represented rheological model. Rheological model results showed that RSM is the best model for determination of flow properties of the bentonite suspensions for raw and …
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Synergistic modification of bentonite by acid activation and …
In this paper, we proposed a facile modification strategy to enhance adsorption performance of bentonite utilizing synergistic acid activation and hydroxyl iron pillaring, by which the adsorbent (abbreviated as S-Fe-BT) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity (246.06 mg/g) and a high rapid adsorption rate for a typical organic dye, Rhodamine ...
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Thermal and Acid Activation (TAA) of Bentonite as
Natural bentonite activation was performed by a two-step procedure based on the work done by Toor et al. [28], thermal activation followed by acid activation. Thermal activation was conducted by
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(PDF) OPTIMISATION DE L'ACTIVATION ACIDE DE LA BENTONITE …
The acid activation of an Algerian bentonite was investigated using a factorial 33 experiment design in order to improve the bleaching capacity in the colza oil processing. Optimized acid ...
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Bentonite
Bentonite dispersions are used in many civil engineering applications. Most impressive is the diaphragm-walling technique. ... Activation of Ganga sand was done with sodium hydroxide and heat (Mritunjay and Quaff, 2021). In the same way, Sudha Rani et al. (2018) investigated laterite soil and found its use in adsorption of copper in aqueous ...
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XRD pattern of Na2CO3 chemical used for the activation.
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns also confirmed that Ca-rich bentonite was effectively modified into Na-bentonite since after the activation, the d(001) decreased from 1.52 nm to 1.30 nm.
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One step acid activation of bentonite derived adsorbent for …
Herein, the facile one step acid activation of bentonite derived functionalized adsorbent (AB) for the effective remediation of both ionic and non-ionic secondary pesticides, ametryn and...
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US3909454A
A method for activation of bentonites is described. The method comprises a prior treatment of the bentonite with an organic polymer and/or an aqueous alkaline solution as known from prior art. Subsequently, an amount of 0.01 - 10% by weight from the treated bentonite of a heavy metal salt is incorporated into the pretreated bentonite and then …
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One step acid activation of bentonite derived adsorbent for …
Herein, the facile one step acid activation of bentonite derived functionalized adsorbent (AB) for the effective remediation of both ionic and non-ionic secondary pesticides, …
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Optimization of bentonite clay mechano-chemical activation …
The bentonite clay can be utilized as natural, or after an acid activation or a mechano-chemical treatment depending on the desired application. The high-energy milling, as a physical technique for the processing of a solid-state material to produce sub-micrometer particles without altering its chemistry, is a common and frequently applied ...
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Rehydration Driven Na-Activation of Bentonite—Evolution …
A new method of Na-activation of raw bentonite, rich in Ca-montmorillonite, consisting of combined thermal treatment at 200 °C, followed by immediate impregnation with aqueous solution of Na 2 CO 3 of concentration corresponding to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 cation exchange capacity (CEC) of clay, was investigated. Structural and compositional evolution of the …
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Kinetic model for the isothermal activation of bentonite by …
Activation of bentonite by acid is an important step for adsorption of some impurities by active clay [6]. This is so-called "activation process". The activation of bentonite is carried out in a continuous stirred tank reactor at low temperatures between 70 and 120 °C in the presence of activation agents, mostly sulfuric acid [7].
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Activating natural bentonite as a cost-effective
Abstract. The bentonite is a widely available and abundant natural mineral, and can be a low cost adsorbent for water and wastewater treatment. This …
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Research progress on treatment of mine wastewater by bentonite …
Bentonite is widely used in industrial wastewater treatment due to its large reserves and excellent physicochemical properties. In order to further improve the properties of bentonite, natural bentonite needs to be modified before application. The common modification methods of bentonite include thermal activation, acid activation, …
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(PDF) Thermally Activated Bentonite As a Supplementary …
By applying activation techniques, the reactivity of bentonite can be improved, and its incorporation levels can be maximized. In this study, the influence of mechanical and thermo-mechanical activation of bentonite is investigated on properties of concrete. Bentonite was used for 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35% mass replacements …
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A systematic and comprehensive study of Eco-friendly bentonite …
The activation of bentonite results in an increase in the number of active sites, increase the pore volume, increase the surface area, etc. The major process of activation is thermal and acid activation. The acid activation is mostly carried out by sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid. This activation process is carried out in a ratio of 1:3 …
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Characterization of activated bentonite clay mineral and …
After the acid activation, the analysis data showed a significant change in the chemical composition in modified bentonite clay, compared to the raw bentonite clay. The acid activation of bentonite caused an increase in the amount of Si +4 and Ti +4; this increase could be attributed to the remobilization of cations in the octahedral or ...
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Comparative study for removal of phosphorus from aqueous …
These days soda activation of bentonite rich in Ca-smectite is a standard industrial practice in manufacturing drilling muds, adsorbents, barrier clays, binders, etc. Transformation to Na-form is ...
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Heterogeneous activation of persulfate by mechanically …
Briefly, bentonite-based bismuth ferrite (BiFe/Bent for short) was firstly prepared via sol-gel method [27], and then A-BiFe/Bent was obtained through the mechanical activation of BiFe/Bent under the optimal activation conditions that have been obtained in the previous work [29]. Finally, A-BiFe/Bent used as catalyst was obtained for …
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Acid Activation
Acid activation is a common chemical modification of clays, usually bentonites, with a hot solution of a mineral acid (typically HCl or H2 SO 4 ), and it is used for both scientific and industrial purposes. The aim is to obtain partly dissolved material of increased specific surface area, porosity and surface acidity.
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Thermal activation, characterization and performance …
Warseisso bentonite was activated at different time periods and temperatures. Raw and activated bentonites are characterized by SEM, BET, XRD, …
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Activated bentonite clay–based dry-wash purification of
The present analysis has shown that H 2 SO 4 activation of bentonite clay changed the structure of the bentonite network and the intensity of Si–O–Si and Al–Mg–OH stretching groups. The stretching of the H–O–H group increased with increasing concentration of H 2 SO 4 and enhanced the hydrogen bonding of the impurities present …
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One step acid activation of bentonite derived adsorbent for …
Similarly, bentonite activation is a complex phenomenon that involves the substitution of exchangeable cations, Al 3+, Mg 2+, and Fe 2+ against protons from the octahedral sheet, resulting in the improvement of bleaching effectiveness, ... Bentonite, supplied by Sigma-Aldrich was applied as the raw precursor in this work. The acid modification ...
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Naturally occurring bentonite clay: Structural augmentation
The bentonite clay after acid activation was used as a catalyst for diester preparation using succinic acid and ethanol. The conversion of succinic acid was 62% with high yield (73%) of valuable diester demonstrating high activity and selectivity. It was confirmed that acid treatment is an economical (∼ $400/t) and effective way of preparing ...
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Insights on applications of bentonite clays for the removal
Toor et al. conducted thermal activation of bentonite in a muffle furnace in the temperature range of 50–500 °C for a predetermined time varying from 50 to 120 min. The maximum Congo Red adsorption was experienced when bentonite was activated at 100 °C for 20 min, and activated bentonite exhibited more than 20% increase in surface area with ...
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Sodium salt-assisted low temperature activation of bentonite …
Abstract. The sodium salt-assisted low temperature activation of bentonite (BB) was attempted. The unique features of the raw bentonite and BB were …
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(PDF) Bentonite processing
The bentonite beneficiation were carried out in two stages [9]; samples were milled, screened, washed with distilled water and dried at 105 o C for 3 hr to remove moisture and volatile organics ...
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(PDF) Thermal and Acid Activation (TAA) of Bentonite as …
Bentonite from Iraq was the clay of choice for this study (Calcium base). The "State Company of Geological Survey and Mining" provided this rock, which was altered using Activation by Heat and ...
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A systematic and comprehensive study of Eco-friendly …
Volume 20, December 2023, 100784. A systematic and comprehensive study of Eco-friendly bentonite clay application in esterification and wastewater treatment. Kuldeep …
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Spent bleaching earth; recycling and utilization techniques: A …
Although thermal-activation of bentonite is a straightforward process, a proper activation temperature is needed to retain the layers' structure and maintain the active adsorption sites of the bleaching bentonite clay. Thus, it is essential to have a good insight into the thermal activation mechanism of bentonite.
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(PDF) Acid activation of bentonite clay for recycled automotive …
The removal of methomyl from synthetic aqueous solutions by using Ecuadorian bentonite clays was studied. A natural clay was purified (P-C) and modified by three methods: thermal activation at 200 ...
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Modeling and optimization process parameters of acid activation …
The effect of acid activation on the textural properties of a bentonite from Serbia was investigated using response surface methodology. The influence of activation parameters (temperature, time, acid normality, solid-to-liquid ratio and stirring rate) on the specific surface area, pore volume, pore diameter and bulk density of the activated …
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Activating natural bentonite as a cost-effective
The bentonite is a widely available and abundant natural mineral, and can be a low cost adsorbent for water and wastewater treatment.This study reported here was directed towards identifying a cost-effective activation protocol for enhancing the adsorption capacity of Australian bentonite for removal of toxic contaminants in …